Political theory: Methods and approaches to the study of political science : traditional, normative and behavioural approach.
Although the subject matter of political science is ancient, it has evolved to keep pace with the changing times.
Due to its wide range of vision and distance, it is not possible to study it in any particular way. Without methodological study, it is not possible to scientifically analyze and gain accurate knowledge of a subject. Therefore, different methods and styles are being followed for the study of a comprehensive and comprehensive science, such as political science.
The study of political science by mythology, mythology, and storytelling is being done today in a scientific and factual way. In this regard, the study of political science can be discussed in two stages.
First stage is (traditional)
And second stage is (contemporary)
Or (behavioural approach ).
Traditional method:
The philosophical, ethical, and institutional perspectives used to solve the major problems of political science are often referred to as traditional methods. And there are so many types it's hard to say.
1: Deductive Method :
It is the oldest of the methods used for the successful study of political science. This method is used in (Plato's) book (The republic) to discuss an idle state. It is a fictional, speculative, emotional and philosophical method.
This method means that a person from the (general truth )(Accepted Truth) creates an opinion about a past or specific character or event.
In addition, the Deductive Method focuses on the discovery, hypothesis, and testing of content.
2: Inductive method:
This method is related to the experimental method. Some take it as evidence or observation. This is the opposite of the offensive method. Aristotle, the father of political science, was the keynote speaker. The indicative method means that from a certain object or truth to a common truth or object. It helps to start with specific areas and reach out to the public and the general public. This method is based on probability. It is based on the information obtained. Experience and experience give it direction. The peculiarity of the ascension method is that of going from the known to the unknown and making it known in general.
There are two types of indicative method:
1> Experimental.
2> Statistical.
There are some downsides to indicative method. It is data-driven, scientifically supported and conscientious. It is simple and dynamic. The results and conclusions are more acceptable because they are based on testing.
3: Historical Method:
It is a registered history of past events. A study or analysis that is based on historical data is called a historical method. Both the present and the future depend on the experience and information of the past. Just as it is impossible to build a house without a foundation, it is impossible to imagine the present and the future without the past. Therefore History is the past politics and politics is there present History.
4: Philosophical Method.
The philosophical method is another part of the Deductive Method. (Love for wisdom) The main feature of the philosophical method. The goal of this method is to establish the truth. It is ethically based. This is mainly fiction. The peculiarity of the philosophical method is the realization of a fictional subject.
5: method of observation:
This method is called the research method. Observational methods are used when data is collected by direct or indirect observation and used for political studies. According to Lord Bryce and Lowel, this method is best for political science studies. This allows for the observation of the policies and practices of different countries, and with the help of insights, the internal governance system, laws and regulations of different countries can be determined.
6: competitive method:
The Greek philosopher Plato and Aristotle used this method. It is not uncommon for the interim state to review the workings of the state and control the wrongdoing. The essence of this method is to create the best governance system from the comparative study of the systems of different nations.
7: experimental method;
Auguste comte, a sociologist with the experimental method, used the experimental method. Although this method is widely used in the field of physics, especially in the field of physics, it has been widely used in political science.
8: scientific method;
Scientific methods are needed for theoretical analysis in political science. The goals and perspectives of political science are easily determined by scientific methods. It consists of three stages: observation, theory, and reality. The first step is to decide on the outcome of the political process through the levels and paths approved by the scientific method.
9: psychological method;
Political science, human behavior, group formation, and public opinion are included in the political science discussion. In order to know all this, a psychological analysis is needed. Individual or group political behavior is based on psychological analysis.
10: juridical or legal method ;
Research will be incomplete if the judicial approach to the study, analysis, and research of political science is not adopted. Acts such as the interpretation and interpretation of the Constitution can only be done in a judicial manner.
11: sociological method;
Man is a social being. The social organization that man has created in terms of nature, instinct, and necessity is the nation. If the behavior and behavior of the individual are not the same as the functioning of the state, there will be various social exceptions. Political science can therefore be studied by adopting a social approach.
12: biological Method;
Political science has taken the nation as an organic institution. In their opinion, the nation can be compared to any living thing. Many scholars believe that the study and research of political science should be done through biological methods.
Normative approach.
The philosophical style was created by Leustras, one-third, with a traditional and contemporary view of political science.Leuester distinguished between political theory and political philosophy, believing that it was a two-dimensional part of political thought. In his opinion, philosophy is knowledge in the eyes of all. Political theory and political philosophy are complementary.One politician expects to know more than the opinion of a scientist, who has ideas on Buddhism, a better life, and a better society. According to Uabin, the oldest definition of politics is philosophical. Lipson argues that in ancient politics, philosophers reflected their own basic views within an ideal political institution. It assesses a person's social and political behavior.
The greatest representatives of this tradition were the Greek philosopher Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine and Aquinas in the Middle Ages. The application of this philosophical method reveals the weaknesses of the current system and policy rules, as well as the geometry of an ideal political system. Plato's replica Thomas Mor's 'Utopia' and Thomas Hobbes's 'Leviathan' are the bibliographies of this method. This is a deductive way. Since this ideal is based on values, it focuses on what should be done, regardless of what is happening.
Behavioural Approach ;
Traditional methods used to study political science have become obsolete in recent times. What was the new perspective on political science after World War II? This led to the discovery of a new way to study political science. In the first half of the twentieth century, the English philosopher Graham Wallas published a book. The book, titled Human Nature In Politics 1980, highlights the importance of the practical method of political science in the United States (Arthur F. Bentley) and Charles E Merriam.
Meaning of Behavioural Approach ;
The practical method is considered to be a new perspective for the study of political theory, and it is mainly for the study of political behavior. really meaning political use refers to all human activities. In this sense the study of political behavior is not the study of any particular department or subdivision of politics; But the study of politics as a whole. This method focuses on political behavior, instincts, nature, attitudes, attitudes, intentions, goals, thoughts, behaviors, beliefs, actions, and processes. From a scientific point of view, it deals with a person's political activities, as well as his or her relationship with political parties, public opinion, pressure groups, and self-interest groups.Practical methods focus on scientific methods and methods. It uses social science, psychology, economics, anthropology, and cultural and historical theory to study political science.
. Features of Behavioural Approach.
These are
(1) regularity: although there are differences in political situations, there is often consistency in the use of individuals.
(2) Verification: Common truths can be verified and tested every time.
(3) Technique: Use appropriate techniques and tools to collect and analyze data.
(4) Quantification: Collect data and statistics in the research work, analyze them efficiently, and arrive at conclusions with the help of the amount of data collected.
(5) Values; The analysis of ethical values and test attitudes has two important issues. Firstly, to provide a unique analytical method to clarify the problem, and secondly, to liberate the scientific research that is being adopted to achieve the goal from complete value awareness.
(6) Systematisation; Research needs to be streamlined. This requires that systematic theories or theories be based on logically relevant interrelationships.
(7) Integration; Behavioralism combines political science with other parts of social science in such a way that universal and appropriate ideals and facts further enrich political science.
The methodology has not been as effective in formulating theories, it has been more helpful in discovering the tactics and tools.
0 Comments